Why is magnesium sulfate used in obstetric care?

Magnesium sulfate is utilized in obstetric care primarily to prevent seizures in women who are experiencing severe preeclampsia or eclampsia. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to other organ systems, often requiring careful management to avoid progression to seizures, which can be life-threatening for both the mother and the fetus. By administering magnesium sulfate, clinicians can effectively reduce the risk of seizures, thereby enhancing maternal and fetal safety during this critical period.

The use of magnesium sulfate is not indicated for inducing labor or directly promoting fetal growth, as its primary action is related to neuroprotection and seizure prevention. While it can have muscle-relaxing properties, its application in obstetric care is focused on managing the serious risks associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy rather than for relieving typical muscle spasms.