What type of drug is omeprazole?

Omeprazole is classified as a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). This class of medication works by blocking the proton pump in the stomach lining, which is responsible for the secretion of gastric acid. This reduction in stomach acid production is particularly beneficial for conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers because it helps to promote healing of the esophagus and stomach lining, alleviate symptoms like heartburn, and prevent complications associated with excessive acid.

Proton pump inhibitors, including omeprazole, are distinct from H2 receptor antagonists that work by blocking histamine at the H2 receptor site to reduce acid production. They are also different from antacids, which neutralize existing stomach acid rather than inhibiting its production. Additionally, gastric stimulants work by promoting gastric motility and increasing acid secretion, which is contrary to the action of PPIs. Therefore, omeprazole's specific mechanism as a proton pump inhibitor clearly establishes it in this particular drug classification.