What type of anticoagulant is heparin classified as?

Heparin is classified as a parental anticoagulant because it is administered via injection, either subcutaneously or intravenously. This method of administration allows for immediate systemic effects, which is essential for managing conditions requiring rapid anticoagulation, such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. Parental anticoagulants, including heparin, are utilized when gastrointestinal absorption is not feasible or when a more controlled response is needed.

Oral anticoagulants, in contrast, are taken by mouth and undergo first-pass metabolism in the liver before entering the systemic circulation, which affects their onset of action. Natural anticoagulants are substances that are produced by the body, while topical anticoagulants are applied directly to skin or mucous membranes and are not suitable for systemic anticoagulation. Understanding these classifications is crucial for midwifery students, as it directly relates to how and when to use these medications during patient care.