What is the mechanism of action of oxytocin?

Oxytocin's primary mechanism of action involves stimulating uterine contractions and facilitating milk ejection during breastfeeding. In the context of labor, oxytocin enhances the frequency and intensity of uterine contractions, which is crucial for the progression of labor and the delivery of the baby. It binds to specific receptors in the uterus, leading to increased intracellular calcium levels, which ultimately results in contractions.

Furthermore, oxytocin plays a vital role in lactation by promoting the ejection of milk from the mammary glands when the infant suckles. The release of oxytocin in response to suckling helps ensure that milk is delivered effectively, supporting the breastfeeding process.

Other choices do not accurately reflect oxytocin's role in childbirth or lactation. Rather than inhibiting uterine contractions, oxytocin actively facilitates them. While reducing anxiety may be a psychological benefit during labor, it is not the primary action of oxytocin. Additionally, oxytocin does not have a significant effect on appetite during pregnancy. Understanding the true physiological effects of oxytocin helps clarify its critical role in maternal and neonatal health.