What is the mechanism of action of Benzylpenicillin?

Benzylpenicillin, also known as penicillin G, works primarily by preventing bacterial wall synthesis. This antibiotic targets and binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located within the bacterial cell wall. These PBPs are crucial for the cross-linking of peptidoglycan layers that provide structural integrity to the bacterial cell wall. By inhibiting the activity of these proteins, benzylpenicillin disrupts the formation of the cell wall, leading to cell lysis and ultimately the death of the bacteria.

This mechanism is particularly effective against actively dividing bacteria, as they are continuously synthesizing and remodeling their cell walls to grow and multiply. The specific action of benzylpenicillin is largely responsible for its effectiveness against many Gram-positive organisms, as well as some Gram-negative cocci. Understanding this mechanism is essential for midwifery students, as it provides insight into how antibiotics can be utilized to manage bacterial infections in pregnant women and their newborns.