What effect do antacids have on the tone of the lower oesophageal sphincter?

Antacids play a role in managing gastric acidity and can have an impact on the physiological actions of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES). The correct answer indicates that antacids can increase the tone of the lower oesophageal sphincter.

The LES is a critical muscle responsible for preventing the backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus. When the acidity in the stomach is neutralized by antacids, the irritation of the esophagus decreases which can contribute to the sphincter's improved function. An increased tone in the LES reduces the likelihood of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), making the patient feel more comfortable and less symptomatic.

Understanding the relationship between antacids and the LES is crucial for midwifery students, as effective management of reflux conditions in pregnant individuals can significantly improve maternal comfort and well-being during a period when they may be more prone to acid reflux due to anatomical and hormonal changes.