How does drug exposure during pregnancy typically affect fetal growth?

Drug exposure during pregnancy can significantly influence fetal growth, with one of the potential outcomes being reduced fetal weight. Many medications can cross the placenta and impact fetal development adversely, leading to growth restrictions in the fetus. This can be due to several mechanisms, such as impaired placental blood flow, direct teratogenic effects of the drugs, or interference with nutrient transfer to the fetus.

It is important to understand that while some drugs may have minimal to no impact on fetal growth, many can lead to underdevelopment. The implications of reduced fetal weight can extend beyond immediate growth issues, potentially resulting in long-term health problems for the child. Therefore, monitoring and managing drug exposure during pregnancy is crucial in midwifery practice to ensure optimal fetal outcomes.