How do antacids primarily function in treating heartburn?

Antacids primarily function by neutralizing stomach acid, which helps to alleviate heartburn symptoms. When the stomach produces excess acid, it can rise up into the esophagus, causing discomfort known as heartburn. Antacids contain basic compounds that react with gastric acid, resulting in a reduction of acidity. This neutralization process helps to soothe the mucosal lining of the esophagus and reduces the burning sensation associated with acid reflux.

Understanding how antacids operate is crucial for midwifery practice, as they are commonly used in pregnant patients who may experience increased heartburn due to hormonal and physical changes. Recognizing that these medications provide symptomatic relief by altering the pH of the stomach contents, rather than blocking receptors or enhancing acid secretion, reinforces the rationale for their use in managing heartburn effectively.